It is well known that salt intake is associated with blood pressure (BP) levels. Indeed, a meta-analysis of 185 studies by Graudal et al. found that a reduction in salt intake caused a decrease in BP ...
While B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels remain high in patients with end-stage heart failure with cardiogenic shock, these levels lose their prognostic value in patients using ventricular assist ...
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels accurately reflect the degree of cardiac overload in heart failure. Considering cardiac morphology and intracardiac pressure, including the left ventricular end ...