Infectious diseases shape health care in complex ways, impacting research, treatment and public health — locally and globally. The capability of infectious agents to rapidly adapt to host defenses is ...

Infectious agents comprise a vast and diverse group of pathogens—including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminths, and prions—that are responsible for a wide spectrum of diseases. These agents ...

Laboratory biosafety practices are based on the principle of containment of biological agents to prevent exposure to laboratory workers and the outside environment. Primary containment protects the ...

The term modes of transmission refer to how an infectious agent, also called a pathogen, can be transferred from one person, object, or animal, to another. Viruses, bacteria, parasites, or fungi can ...

Spatial disease ecology is emerging as a new field that requires the integration of complementary approaches to address how the distribution and movements of hosts and parasites may condition the ...

As cultural successors, hedgehogs reside in close proximity to humans. Road traffic, lawn mowers and infectious agents threaten the prickly insect eaters. Some infectious agents can be transmitted to ...

Thus, a genetic factor determines the extent of damage—in both central and peripheral nervous system—caused by the environmental factor, the ubiquitous virus, HSV1. This interaction is likely to be a ...