Figure 1. A closed-circuit cooler. Photos courtesy of Evapco. It’s a common question during the early design phase of large mechanical systems: Is open- or closed-loop cooling equipment better suited ...

HVAC contributes nearly 4% of annual carbon emissions.[i] Decarbonizing heating and cooling is essential as efforts to battle climate change continue. But relying on conventional cooling towers likely ...

Scientists from the United Kingdom’s University of Nottingham and China’s Southwest Jiaotong University have developed a novel hydronic closed-loop PV cooling system for hot and arid regions. “We ...