Mining plants require various samples of the metals extracted from ore to be routinely analyzed, including the feed (crushed ore), the tails (waste ore left over after processing) and the concentrate ...

Tossed circuit boards are about 20% copper, a much larger fraction than the roughly half a percent in copper ore mined from the ground. That percentage, plus the growing mounds of global electronic ...

Clean energy technologies are colliding with a hard geological limit: the world needs far more copper, lithium, manganese and rare earth elements than conventional mines are currently delivering. At ...