To complement the 2-wire and 3-wire sensor transmitter blogs that Kevin Duke and I have already published on Precision Hub, my next few blog topics will be on 4-wire sensor transmitters. The blogs ...

A serial transmission method that uses a closed loop. It originated with teletype machines that transmitted 20 mA (milliamperes) of current for a 1 bit and the absence of current for a 0 bit. A 60 mA ...

With both current and voltage feedback operational amplifiers (op amps) available to the system designer, how do you select which device to use? This two-part article discusses applications most ...

The I/O capabilities built into most microcontrollers make it easy to measure the analog world. Say you want to build a data logger for temperature. All you need to do is get some kind of sensor that ...

Over long cable runs, an isolated 4-to-20-mA current loop offers robust noise immunity and tolerance. This characteristic makes it popular for analog data transmission in noisy industrial and process ...

Many industrial and control applications use analog current loops as the physical link for measurements and actuator control. Although several ranges are used, the most popular is still the 4- to ...

A problem which beset early telephone engineers was that as the length of their lines increased, so did the distortion of whatever signal they wanted to transmit. This was corrected once they had ...