THE experimental results reported in a previous communication 1 confirm the existence of several maxima for the second- and the third-order diffraction lines at oblique incidence and at low sound ...

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman and his student Nagendra Nath published a series of papers in 1936 on the diffraction of light by a liquid in the field of a high frequency sound wave. This was ...

Sum-frequency generation (SFG) is a powerful vibrational spectroscopy that can selectively probe molecular structures at surfaces and interfaces, but ...

Fluorescence microscopy techniques are powerful tools for probing very small signals and revealing three-dimensional (3D) structural and functional properties of biological samples with high ...

Light fields, as a form of electromagnetic waves, are characterized by fundamental parameters including intensity, phase, and polarization. Precise imaging of these three parameters is crucial for ...

Increasingly complex applications such as artificial intelligence require ever more powerful and power-hungry computers to run. Optical computing is a proposed solution to increase speed and power ...