BOTANICAL physiology is one of the most instructive branches of science, because it provides an excellent test of a student's capabilities and is particularly suitable for inculcating the spirit of ...

If the evaporation is uniform on a flat exposed leaf, forced convection will also be nearly uniform, and the leaf temperature will vary with the square root of the distance from the leading edge. Then ...

WITHIN the pages of his elementary text-book Prof. Macdougal has collected together a very large number of experiments—so large, indeed, that forty-eight laboratory periods do not by any means exhaust ...

Inexpensive, easy-to-use temperature controllers are able to provide reliable set temperatures for the detailed observation of developmental rates in response to different temperature treatments. A ...

Plants generally express several defensive traits simultaneously. This could be explained in part by synergies, with one trait amplifying the effect of other traits on herbivores. For common milkweed, ...

If you enjoyed this article, I’d like to ask for your support. Scientific American has served as an advocate for science and industry for 180 years, and right now may be the most critical moment in ...